RESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced both quantitative and qualitative health researchers to adapt and strategize data collection strategies without causing any harm to the participants or researchers. This has resulted in utilizing various types of strategies such as online surveys and synchronous virtual platforms such as Zoom and Webex. This transition from face-to-face to synchronous online platforms has helped in increasing coverage as well as reaching participants who are otherwise unreachable. While quantitative health researchers seem to have made a seamless transition to synchronous online platforms, qualitative health researchers who rely on studying participants in their "real-world-settings" are facing unique challenges with online data collection strategies. This article critically examines the benefits and challenges of implementing qualitative health research studies via synchronous online platforms and provides several practical considerations that can inform qualitative health researchers. It can also assist Institutional Review Board members in reviewing and implementing qualitative health research study protocols in a manner that preserves the integrity, richness, and iterative nature of qualitative research methodology.
RESUMO
ADAMTS20 (Adisintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type-1 motifs) is a member of a family of secreted metalloproteases that can process a variety of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and secreted molecules. Adamts20 mutations in belted (bt) mice cause white spotting of the dorsal and ventral torso, indicative of defective neural crest (NC)-derived melanoblast development. The expression pattern of Adamts20 in dermal mesenchymal cells adjacent to migrating melanoblasts led us to initially propose that Adamts20 regulated melanoblast migration. However, using a Dct-LacZ transgene to track melanoblast development, we determined that melanoblasts were distributed normally in whole mount E12.5 bt/bt embryos, but were specifically reduced in the trunk of E13.5 bt/bt embryos due to a seven-fold higher rate of apoptosis. The melanoblast defect was exacerbated in newborn skin and embryos from bt/bt animals that were also haploinsufficient for Adamts9, a close homolog of Adamts20, indicating that these metalloproteases functionally overlap in melanoblast development. We identified two potential mechanisms by which Adamts20 may regulate melanoblast survival. First, skin explant cultures demonstrated that Adamts20 was required for melanoblasts to respond to soluble Kit ligand (sKitl). In support of this requirement, bt/bt;Kit(tm1Alf)/+ and bt/bt;Kitl(Sl)/+ mice exhibited synergistically increased spotting. Second, ADAMTS20 cleaved the aggregating proteoglycan versican in vitro and was necessary for versican processing in vivo, raising the possibility that versican can participate in melanoblast development. These findings reveal previously unrecognized roles for Adamts proteases in cell survival and in mediating Kit signaling during melanoblast colonization of the skin. Our results have implications not only for understanding mechanisms of NC-derived melanoblast development but also provide insights on novel biological functions of secreted metalloproteases.
Assuntos
Proteínas ADAM/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/citologia , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/metabolismo , Melanócitos/citologia , Melanócitos/enzimologia , Proteínas ADAM/genética , Proteínas ADAMTS , Alelos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Diferenciação Celular , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Primers do DNA/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Mutantes , Camundongos Transgênicos , Mutação , Crista Neural/citologia , Crista Neural/embriologia , Crista Neural/enzimologia , Fenótipo , Gravidez , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Pele/citologia , Pele/embriologia , Pele/enzimologia , Pigmentação da Pele/genética , Pigmentação da Pele/fisiologia , Versicanas/metabolismoRESUMO
En los últimos años se ha observado un creciente entusiasmo público y gubernamental, en todo el mundo, por los proyectos de atención primaria de salud. Este artículo plantea una serie de cuestiones difíciles sobre cómo parece estar relacionado el progreso logrado en esas operaciones, con los costos correspondientes y las estrategias seguidas (AU)
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício/economia , Estratégias de Saúde Globais , Países em Desenvolvimento/economiaRESUMO
En los ultimos anos se ha observado un creciente entusiasmo publico y gubernamental, en todo el mundo, por los proyectos de atencion primaria de la salud. Este articulo plantea una serie de cuestiones dificiles sobre como parece estar relacionado el progreso logrado en esas operaciones con los costos correspondientes y las estrategias seguidas
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde/economia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , Análise Custo-Benefício/economia , Países em Desenvolvimento/economiaRESUMO
En los últimos años se ha observado un creciente entusiasmo público y gubernamental, en todo el mundo, por los proyectos de atención primaria de salud. Este artículo plantea una serie de cuestiones difíciles sobre cómo parece estar relacionado el progreso logrado en esas operaciones, con los costos correspondientes y las estrategias seguidas (AU)
